Judgment and discernment are both created by our mental faculties. These are psychic acts through which we look at the world.
The judgment is relative and aesthetic: of beauty or ugliness, of good or bad… It has a scope of positioning, classification, hierarchy. We are talking about value judgments.
Discernment is the faculty of recognizing distinctly. It can come close to intuition. But where intuition can make errors of assessment, discernment uses faculties of the mind and the senses (sight, hearing, etc.) sometimes combined.
Judgment is limited to the intellect and one-way mental perception. Discernment associates perception with psychic faculties and even sensory feelings.
Judgment is of the order of the lower mind, confined to beliefs and known, therefore ancient, intellectual faculties. Discernment is an operation of the mind allowing us to distinguish and discriminate, in a fair way and therefore adapted to the New and to new contexts.
Judgment is separation, because the observer is detached from the observed. Discernment is distinction, because it requires discrimination of the observed.
To judge is to form an opinion, to make an assessment. Acting with discernment requires maturity and perspective.
Judgment confirms beliefs. Discernment brings clarification.
Judgment is a matter of the mind alone. Discernment goes further because it requires a mind sharpened by the senses and reflection.
The judgment carries view and opinions on subjects, including those in the field of spirituality. Discernment is more suited to the perception of spirituality, because its vision will be deeper and open to nuances and possible illusions and lies.
The judgment is an opinion accessible to all. Discernment is an accurate judgment approaching the truth, which is acquired and developed.
Judgment is the lower mental plane. Discernment is the higher mental plane.